.موسوعة نكتار الثقافة: Ibn Sina

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Ibn Sina

Ibn Sina .. Prince of doctors and Aristotle Islam
Ibn Sina is Abu Ali al-Hussein bin Abdullah bin al-Hasan ibn Ali ibn Sina, known for hismedicine, philosophy, and worked with them, was born in the village (Avhna) Persian nearBukhara (now in Uzbekistan) of the father of the city of Balkh (now in Afghanistan) and Umvillage Year 370 AH (980 AD) and died in Hamedan year 427 AH (1037 AD).
He grew up "Avicenna" established by the scientific and religious keeping the Koran and studied something squeezed science, even if it was twenty years old his father died,Farahl to Gorgan, and he stayed for the duration, and a thousand book "The Canon of Medicine", but it's just that he moved to "Hamedan" have won great fame, and became a minister of the Prince, "Shamsuddin Albuehi", but it did not take long done primarily by; they moved to "Isfahan" and received under the auspices of the emir, "Alaa state," and remained so out of Prince Ala State in one of his campaigns to Hamadan; where he passed died there.
His contributions
Ibn Sina was a scientist and a philosopher and a doctor and a poet, and the title of Sheikhthird teacher President after Aristotle and al-Farabi, also known as the prince of doctorsand Aristotle Islam, and was ahead of his time in many intellectual fields, and did notspend functioned science from participating in public life in his time; they coexist withcommunity problems, and interact with what Limoges its intellectual trends, and sharescientific and cultural renaissance.
The Ibn Sina Raadat in many of the arts and sciences; In the field of astronomy could Ibn Sina that Venus pass through the disk of the sun circle the naked eye on monitors (10Jumada II 423 AH = 24 May 1032 m), which was approved by the astronomer English"Gear Maarox "in the seventeenth century. In Geology (Geology especially in the metalsand the formation of stones and mountains), sees it consisted of clay viscous fertile alongtime, and congeal in periods not adjust, it's like that on this planet was in the R immerseddays at sea, and is frequently found in the Stones if broken parts of the aquatic animals Kalosaddav and others, wrote about the cloud and how to make it up; and remember they generate from the humid vapors if escalated heat I agreed the cold layer of air, theessence of the clouds steam condensate cruised air, Steam material clouds, rain, snowand dew, ice and frost and cold and it perceived by the aura and rainbow.
He gave "Avicenna" the knowledge of the plant, and has scientific studies serious in the field of medicinal plants, has conducted sound scientific comparisons between plant rootsand leaves and flowers, and described a description scientifically accurate and studiedraces, and exposure to soil types and elements that affect plant growth, also spoke about the phenomenon contributing to the and palm trees, so that the tree bear a heavy burdenin a year and a lamb lightly in another year or year and not carry another carry.
In the field of physics was Ibn Sina from the early Muslim scholars who pioneered thescience of thermodynamics Modern their studies in the movement and position of forcedtilt and inclination Associate, and the thanks in the development of the first law of motion,has already Isaac Newton more than six centuries and Galileo more than five centuries, Leonardo da Vinci more than 4 centuries; it's worth him to attribute to him the law, whichhas the virtue lead to him: "Ibn Sina law of motion and stillness."
He innovated Ibn Sina machine-like Aloner Vernier, a machine used to measure lengthsmeticulously, and was able to accurately note that differentiate between my speed of light and sound, which is reached by Isaac Newton after more than 600 years, and has had his theories in (mechanical movement), which reached "Jean Berdan" in the fourteenth century, and (movement) on which the "Albert Einstein" famous in his theory of relativityspeed.
His
Shares Ibn Sina many works in medicine, philosophy and music, including: in medicinebook "The Law," which was translated and printed several times and who has taught at universities in Europe until the late nineteenth century, and the book "cardiacmedications," and the book "pay college disadvantages of the human spine." and the book "colic" and "message in the body politics and the virtues of a drink," and "messagein anatomy Members" and "message in phlebotomy" and "message in food and medicine" and "medical Eragiz" and "Orjosp in Anatomy" and "Orjosp Almejrebat inMedicine "and" medical millennium "famous translated and printed.
And worked Ibn Sina monitoring, and deepened in the science of the body, and put inmonitoring machines malfunction never need, and has a number of compositions value,such as: book college meteorology, and message machine observational, and the book of celestial bodies, and a book on how monitoring and conformity of natural science, andarticle in the form of the earth from the sky and being in the middle, repeal the provisions of the stars book.
Idea
Characterized by the opinions and theories "Avicenna" mental Palmshh, and reflected onhis thoughts and writings, it was not the Ibn Sina comply with all reached by his predecessors of theories, but was seen as a critic and analyst, and displays it on a mirrorof his mind and his thinking, what was approved thinking and before his mind took himand increased it is reached and acquired his research and experience and observations,and he used to say: "The philosophers make mistakes and injuring like other people, they are not infallible mistake", and therefore fought astrology and some of the prevailing ideasof his time in some aspects of chemistry, and violated his contemporaries and applied it,who they said could transform some base metals into gold and silver, he denied the possibility of this happening in the core of the conversion of metals, but it is a virtualchange in the form of the metal and its image, and explained that each element has its own composition, which can not be changed in ways known conversion.
Ibn Sina doctor
The Ibn Sina good knowledge of drugs and their effectiveness, has been classifiedmedicines in six groups, and the pharmaceutical single and composite (Pharmacopoeias)mentioned in his works, especially the book of law have a great impact and great scientific value between medicine and pharmacology scientists, and the number of drugs, which he described in his book about 760 properties arranged alphabetically.
The title of "Avicenna" the prince of doctors, was treated patients free of charge, but he was often give them medicine prepared by himself, in his book "The Law" in medicinewas able to provide for humanity's greatest services, including findings of discoveries, was the first to detect many diseases that are still prevalent even now, he is the first todetect the parasite "hookworm" and he called the round worm, which it has previously been Italian "Dubini" about 900 years, which is the first to describe meningitis, and the firstdifference between the paralysis caused by internal reason in the brain and paralysisresulting from an external cause, described the stroke resulting from frequent blood,contrary to what it settled masters of ancient Greek medicine.
He revealed for the first time about modes of transmission of certain infectious diseasessuch as smallpox and measles, and Ibn Sina was ahead of his time in many micro-medical observations, studied neurological disorders and mental such as fear, sadness, anxiety, joy and other factors, and pointed out that it has a major impact on the members of the body and its functions, as could learn some psychological and pathological factsthrough psychoanalysis, and it was sometimes resorted to psychological methods in thetreatment of his patients.
In the science of surgery was "Avicenna" pioneer, has followed in the examination ofpatients and the diagnosis of the disease and determine treatment modern method usednow, and by feeling the pulse and pumpkins with his finger over the patient's body, amethod currently used in the diagnosis of Internal Medicine, which is attributed to the"Leopold Weinberger "in the eighteenth century, as well as through inference with urineand feces, and showed" Avicenna "superior ability in the science of surgery, it was statedseveral ways to stop the bleeding, either the assessment or the introduction of wicks orBalki fire or drug Kao, or by pressing the flesh above the race.
The Ibn Sina surgeon brilliant, he had surgery and is very accurate operations such as the eradication of tumors in the early stages of the construction of the larynx and trachea, and the eradication of abscess of the cavity lung, and treatment of hemorrhoids wayconnectivity, and accurately describe the cases of fistula tract and reach an innovative wayfor the treatment of anal fistula is not still in use now, and subjected to a pebble kidney and explain how to extract and caveats that must be considered, as mentioned cases of the use of catheters, as well as cases where the use of cautions.

In the field of venereal disease had a significant sold, described accurately some womendiseases, such as: vaginal obstruction and projection, and fibroids, and talked about thediseases that can infect bleeding following childbirth, such as bleeding, ischemic, andmay cause tumors and severe fevers, and referred to the rot that may arise from the uterine dystocia or fetal death, which was not known before, and also displays of masculinity and femininity in the embryo, and attributed them to the man without the woman, which recently confirmed by modern science.
West Reference
Received "the law" a book of medicine renowned in Europe, even told him "WilliamOsler": "It was the medical Gospel for the longest period of time", and translated into Latin, "Gerrard Of Cremona", printed about 15 times in Europe between 878 AH = 1473 m, and906 AH = 1500 m, then reprinted about twenty times in the sixteenth century, and remained this book the basic reference for medicine in Europe over the centuries, the fifth and sixth centuries, until it reached editions in Europe alone, more than 40 edition, and continued studying at universities in Italy and France and Belgium until the mid-seventeenth century, under which is the first by a value of intellectual filled his time .. The senior humanitarian greats
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